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Vulcanized fibre is a laminated plastic composed of only cellulose. The material is a tough, resilient, hornlike material that is lighter than aluminium, tougher than leather, and stiffer than most thermoplastics. The newer wood-laminating grade of vulcanized fibre is used to strengthen wood laminations used in skis, skateboards, support beams and as a sub-laminate under thin wood veneers. A product very similar to vulcanized fibre is leatheroid. Leatheroid, however, is made using a different chemical process. ==History== The British patent for vulcanized fibre was obtained in 1859 by the Englishman Thomas Taylor.〔(PIKE CREEK: INDUSTRY AND FARMING ALONG A NORTHERN DELAWARE RIVER; p 4-8. )〕 He gained the patent after the introduction of celluloid in 1856 and before the invention of viscose rayon (regenerated cellulose) in 1894. In 1871 Thomas Taylor obtained the United States Patent for vulcanized fibre.〔("PLASTICS HISTORY: Plastic Distributor & Fabricator" ), ''Plastics Magazine''〕〔Taylor, Thomas, Improvement in the treatment of paper and paper-pulp, , granted May 16, 1871.〕 The first organized industrial company to make vulcanized fibre, was the Vulcanized Fibre Company, incorporated first as a New York Corporation formed June 19, 1873 listed with William Courtenay President and Charles F. Cobby Secretary.〔("History of the state of Delaware" ''Volume 2 Page 415'' )〕 The first N.Y. corporation was also found in the 1873 N.Y. City Directory〔(The New York City register page 34 )〕 which also listed William Courtenay President and Charles F. Cobby Secretary in 1873. From 1873 until 1878 the Vulcanized Fiber Co. had a New York office address of 17 Dey St., while the factory was located in Wilmington Delaware. This can be seen in the many advertisements that were placed in different publications at this time in history.〔(Vulcanized Fibre Co. advertizements )〕 A special charter〔(Industries of Delaware: historical and descriptive review : cities, towns and business interests, institutions, manufacturing and commercial advantages )〕 was granted by the state of Delaware in 1873 until the Delaware corporation was finally incorporated on February 8, 1875 〔(Laws of the state of Delaware, Volum 15 )〕 which now listed William Courtenay President and Clement B. Smyth Secretary. In 1884 Courtenay & Trull Co. N.Y. was merged into the Vulcanized Fibre Co.〔(Courtenay & Trull Co. N.Y. was merged into the Vulcanized Fibre Co. )〕 which gave the company control over a new invention called by the trade name "Gelatinized Fibre". On December 4, 1901, during a merger and consolidation the Vulcanized Fibre Co.〔(VULCANIZED FIBER COMPANY - MERGES INTO A NEW NAMEAMERICAN VULCANIZED FIBRE CO. )〕 changed its name to the "American Vulcanized Fiber Co." which was formed for the purpose of consolidating: Kartavert Mfg. Company, Wilmington, Delaware; American Hard Fibre Company, Newark, Delaware; Vulcanized Fibre Company, Wilmington, Delaware. and the Laminar Fibre Company of North Cambridge, Mass. In 1922 the name was changed again when it was directly purchased by the National Fibre & Insulation Company of Yorklyn Delaware (who was also the owner of the Keystone Fibre Co.). The president of the National Fibre Company at this time was J. Warren Marshall, who took the same office after consolidating into the new company "National Vulcanized Fibre Company. In 1965 the name was changed again to the NVF Company in order to avoid confusion over the years with a new and changing product line.〔(Fiber Company History & Merger Tree )〕 The water power of the Piedmont streams in Northern Delaware led to a proliferation of companies in the vulcanized fibre business. Over the years, these companies reorganized and merged. In 1922 National Vulcanized Fiber Company emerged as the main competitor to Spaulding Fibre, which had begun developing vulcanized products in Rochester, New Hampshire and Tonawanda, New York, nearly a quarter century after the industry began in Delaware. Some of the companies involved in vulcanized fibre development in the Wilmington region were the Nunsuch Fiber Company, American Hard Fiber Company, American Vulcanized Fibre Company, Continental Fibre Co., Diamond State Fibre Co., and Franklin Fibre Company. In the 1965 Post’s Pulp and Paper Directory, National Vulcanized Fibre Co. was listed as having two mills' producing rag paper for vulcanized fibre. They were at Newark, producing 15 tons a day; and Yorklyn, producing 18 tons a day. This compares with Spaulding Fibre’s Tonawanda plant, then producing 40 tons a day (Post’s directory). The competitors also produced bakelite, but marketed them under different names: Spaulding’s was Spauldite and National’s brand was Phenolite and Iten Industries' Resiten or Itenite. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Vulcanized fibre」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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